{"id":6583,"date":"2016-08-07T12:07:58","date_gmt":"2016-08-07T17:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/?page_id=6583"},"modified":"2022-08-26T13:02:33","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T18:02:33","slug":"deception-obfuscation-misdirection","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/deception-obfuscation-misdirection","title":{"rendered":"Deception, Obfuscation &#038; Misdirection"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_5767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5767\" style=\"width: 236px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5767 size-full\" title=\"Image: Roy Lichtenstein\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/crying-girl-by-roy-lichtenstein.jpg\" alt=\"crying-girl\" width=\"236\" height=\"141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/crying-girl-by-roy-lichtenstein.jpg 236w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/crying-girl-by-roy-lichtenstein-150x90.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 236px) 85vw, 236px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image: Roy Lichtenstein<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Most are familiar with the concept of&nbsp;<strong>FUD<\/strong>\u2014short for <strong>Fear, Uncertainty &amp; Doubt<\/strong>. It summarizes a strategy often used in <strong>marketing<\/strong> and <strong>political propaganda<\/strong>. Its effects are <strong>pernicious<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>divisive<\/strong> and lead to <strong>exploitation<\/strong>. Examples abound.&nbsp;<strong>Fear is a strong motivator!&nbsp;<\/strong>To resist&nbsp;FUD one must&nbsp;understand how it is practiced using the principles of&nbsp;<strong>Deception, Obfuscation and&nbsp;Misdirection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>Deception<\/em><\/span> is just a polite&nbsp;way to say &#8220;Lie.&#8221;<\/strong>&nbsp;We all&nbsp;make&nbsp;statements&nbsp;that aren&#8217;t true. This is usually unintended. We are not trying to deceive. We self-correct and accept corrections from others.&nbsp;<strong>Lying implies knowledge of the truth and an intention to conceal&nbsp;it.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5768\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/liar-jon-kyl.jpg\" alt=\"liar-jon-kyl\" width=\"364\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/liar-jon-kyl.jpg 364w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/liar-jon-kyl-150x95.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 364px) 85vw, 364px\" \/>An infamous example&nbsp;was a statement made on the floor of the US Senate by <strong>Jon Kyl<\/strong> during a budget showdown&nbsp;where he stated that, &#8220;<em>Abortion is well over 90 percent of what Planned Parenthood does.<\/em>&#8221; This figure wasn&#8217;t&nbsp;just a little bit off, it was&nbsp;the <strong>exact&nbsp;opposite<\/strong> of the truth&nbsp;(3%). The next day his office released a terse retraction, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?q=%23NotIntendedToBeAFactualStatement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his remark was not intended to be a factual statement<\/a>.&#8221;&nbsp;What then <em>was<\/em> his intention?! There are two possibilities, he was either aware of the truth and lied, or he didn&#8217;t care what the true figure was&nbsp;and just pulled it out of his ass! In short <strong>he is either a liar or a bullshitter<\/strong>, conduct unbecoming&nbsp;a US senator. (No longer in the Senate, Jon Kyl is\u2014you guessed it\u2014a lobbyist!)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7877\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/bullshit-meter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/bullshit-meter.jpg 510w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/bullshit-meter-150x76.jpg 150w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/bullshit-meter-400x203.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 510px) 85vw, 510px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>See the slim volume <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.csudh.edu\/ccauthen\/576f12\/frankfurt__harry_-_on_bullshit.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On Bullshit<\/a><\/em> by Harry Frankfurt for more on Lies vs BS.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_D9Y-1Jcov4?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>Obfuscation<\/em><\/span> seeks to obscure the truth.<\/strong> I can think of no better definition than that given by <strong>George Orwell<\/strong>&#8230;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-5769\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/George_Orwell_press_photo-108x150.jpg\" alt=\"George_Orwell\" width=\"86\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/George_Orwell_press_photo-108x150.jpg 108w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/George_Orwell_press_photo-180x250.jpg 180w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/George_Orwell_press_photo.jpg 362w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 86px) 85vw, 86px\" \/>&#8220;The great enemy of clear language is insincerity. When there is a gap between one&#8217;s real and one&#8217;s declared aims, one turns instinctively to long words and exhausted idioms, like a cuttlefish spurting out ink.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.public-library.uk\/ebooks\/72\/30.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Politics and the English Language<\/em><\/a>, 1946]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>His&nbsp;reworked passage from&nbsp;<em>Ecclesiastes<\/em> could be found in any&nbsp;modern academic paper, government document, or business report!<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Objective consideration of contemporary phenomena compels the conclusion that success or failure in competitive activities exhibits no tendency to be commensurate with innate capacity, but that a considerable element of the unpredictable must invariably be taken into account.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>Misdirection<\/em><\/span> takes attention away from what is important.<\/strong> It is characteristic of magicians and spin doctors. Magicians entertain us. Spin leads us&nbsp;around by the nose. A common form&nbsp;of misdirection is <strong>substituting anecdote for data<\/strong>. The &#8220;vaccine controversy&#8221; provides many examples of children &#8220;damaged&#8221; by vaccines therefore &#8220;vaccines are dangerous&#8221; and should be avoided. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalhealth\/immunization\/infographic\/mri.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Population-based data<\/a> simply <strong>do not support this!<\/strong>&nbsp;In fact, the risk to <em>unvaccinated<\/em> children is&nbsp;very real! <strong>The media amplify this&nbsp;misdirection through laziness and the desire to be &#8220;fair and balanced&#8221;.<\/strong> &nbsp;This leads to a perpetual <strong>false equivalency<\/strong> between anecdote and proven facts.&nbsp;The legacy&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/topic\/person\/andrew-wakefield\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Wakefield<\/a>&nbsp;(who helped launch the&nbsp;anti-vaxxer&nbsp;movement with fraudulent research) lives on even though <strong>his articles have been expunged<\/strong>&nbsp;from the medical literature&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>he has lost his license to practice medicine<\/strong>. As a professional <strong>he is totally disgraced<\/strong>&nbsp;yet he maintains his expert status in the eyes of true believers.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Update: A few days after I posted the above I read that &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/filmmakermagazine.com\/97862-an-open-letter-to-the-tribeca-film-festival-about-vaxxed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Quack is Back!<\/a>&#8221; with a new &#8220;documentary&#8221; to premiere at the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/hiltzik\/la-fi-hiltzik-tribeca-vaccine-20160323-snap-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tribeca Film Festival<\/a>! Follow the links, they summarize the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.patheos.com\/blogs\/friendlyatheist\/2016\/03\/26\/tribeca-film-festival-defends-screening-of-anti-vaccination-film-by-discredited-researcher\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sad news<\/a> much&nbsp;better than I can.<\/p>\n<p>Update2: Hours after I posted the update, the film was pulled from the schedule. Better late than never!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>Simple Sabotage<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 2008 the CIA declassified&nbsp;their <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/news-information\/featured-story-archive\/2012-featured-story-archive\/CleanedUOSSSimpleSabotage_sm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Simple Sabotage Field Manual<\/a><\/em>. The section on <strong>Interference with Organizations<\/strong> illustrates <strong>obfuscation<\/strong> and <strong>misdirection<\/strong>&nbsp;techniques, many of which have become permanent fixtures in our politics and workplaces. How many have you experienced? How many have you used?!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5770 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/simple-sabotage-field-manual.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"454\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/simple-sabotage-field-manual.png 454w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/simple-sabotage-field-manual-113x150.png 113w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/simple-sabotage-field-manual-189x250.png 189w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 454px) 85vw, 454px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3341 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/idiot-america-cover.jpg\" alt=\"idiot-america-cover\" width=\"180\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/idiot-america-cover.jpg 180w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/idiot-america-cover-96x150.jpg 96w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/idiot-america-cover-160x250.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 85vw, 180px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>Important Book<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>See my review of&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/2012\/09\/idiot-america-by-charles-pierce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Idiot America<\/em> by Charles Pierce<\/a>&nbsp;who enumerates the following&nbsp;<strong>Great Premises<\/strong>&#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Any theory is valid<\/strong> if it sells books, soaks up ratings, or otherwise moves units.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fact<\/strong> is that which enough people believe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Truth<\/strong> is determined by how fervently people believe it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>Trump<br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Where to begin? We&nbsp;have entered a <strong>post-fact\/post-truth era<\/strong>&#8230;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>\u201cThere\u2019s no such thing anymore, as facts.\u201d<\/strong><\/span> Says&nbsp;Trump supporter and CNN commentator <strong>Scottie Nell Hughes<\/strong>. Here is a direct quote&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOn one hand, I hear half the media saying that these are lies. But on the other half, there are many people that go \u2018No it\u2019s true,\u2019&#8221; Hughes said. &#8220;And so one thing that has been interesting this entire campaign season to watch, is that people who say \u2018facts are facts,\u2019\u2014 they\u2019re not really facts&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEverybody has a way\u2014<strong>It\u2019s kind of like looking at ratings, or looking at a glass of half-full water.<\/strong> Everybody has a way of interpreting them to be the truth or not true. <strong>There\u2019s no such thing, unfortunately, anymore, as facts&#8230;<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<strong>And so Mr. Trump\u2019s tweets, amongst a certain crowd, a large part of the population, are truth<\/strong>,&#8221; Hughes said. &#8220;When he says that millions of people illegally voted, he has some facts\u2014amongst him and his supporters, and <strong>people believe they have facts<\/strong> to back that up. Those that do not like Mr. Trump, they\u2019ll say that those are lies, and there are no facts to back it up.\u201d&nbsp;[<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/5oDWSpjjG4A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen<\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Facts,&nbsp;lies or bullshit?! See above the second great premise:&nbsp;<strong>&#8220;Fact&#8221; is that which enough people believe.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Not to be outdone here&#8217;s a whopper from <strong>Paul Ryan<\/strong>&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-7488\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/paul-ryan-obamacare-lie.png\" width=\"575\" height=\"135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/paul-ryan-obamacare-lie.png 672w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/paul-ryan-obamacare-lie-150x35.png 150w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/paul-ryan-obamacare-lie-400x94.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 85vw, 575px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Surprisingly for Ryan, who is regarded as a federal budget expert, his claim about the law flies in the face of evidence that it actually helps shore up Medicare.&#8221; [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/wisconsin\/statements\/2016\/dec\/23\/paul-ryan\/repeal-and-replace-works-paul-ryan-says-obamacare-\/?platform=hootsuite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politifact<\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>There is a certain art to deception, obfuscation and misdirection and the master is certainly Trump&#8217;s spokesperson <strong>Kellyanne Conway<\/strong>. Here&#8217;s an excellent analysis&nbsp;from Vox&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/C-7fzHy3aG0?rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>To paraphrase the host&#8217;s conclusion: &#8220;Viewing an interview with her is likely to make the public <strong>less informed<\/strong> and <strong>more confused<\/strong>.&#8221; Think this is intentional? I do.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>Hannah Arendt on Lies<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u201cThe moment we no longer have a free press, anything can happen.<\/strong> What makes it possible for a totalitarian or any other dictatorship to rule is that people are not informed; how can you have an opinion if you are not informed? If everybody always lies to you, the consequence is not that you believe the lies, but rather that <strong>nobody believes anything any longer<\/strong>. This is because lies, by their very nature, have to be changed, and <strong>a lying government has constantly to rewrite its own history<\/strong>. On the receiving end you get not only one lie\u2014a lie which you could go on for the rest of your days\u2014but you get a great number of lies, depending on how the political wind blows. And a people that no longer can believe anything cannot make up its mind. <strong>It is deprived not only of its capacity to act but also of its capacity to think and to judge. And with such a people you can then do what you please.\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;[Summary of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1978\/10\/26\/hannah-arendt-from-an-interview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1974&nbsp;Interview<\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\">The Many Lies of Donald Trump<\/span><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The NY Times recently published a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2017\/06\/23\/opinion\/trumps-lies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wplink-edit=\"true\">Definitive List of Trump&#8217;s Lies<\/a>. This graphic is a nice summary. It&#8217;s like the old joke about lawyers, <strong>\u201cHow can you tell when Donald Trump is lying? &#8230; His lips move.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7700\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7700\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7700\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trump-lies.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trump-lies.png 600w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trump-lies-150x109.png 150w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trump-lies-343x250.png 343w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7700\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: NY Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em>&#8220;The Trump Fog Machine&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pick an important current event and <strong>President Trump<\/strong> will tweet about something of little consequence but strong emotional impact. This is <strong>classic misdirection<\/strong> and it works quite well, at least some of the time. <strong>Social media and the 24 hour news cycle<\/strong> just amplify the dodge and drive the public away from the real issues.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;But while his legislative agenda is in tatters, his master strategy \u2014 throwing out <strong>distraction bombs<\/strong> on a regular basis, while turning the screws of power toward a backward era \u2014 is working. In just the last two weeks, he has allowed a humanitarian crisis affecting more than three million American citizens to fester, reportedly mocked a dying senator, and threatened to annihilate a nation of 25 million people.&#8221;<br \/>\n[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/09\/29\/opinion\/trump-agenda-distraction-.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Homepage&amp;clickSource=story-heading&amp;module=opinion-c-col-right-region&amp;region=opinion-c-col-right-region&amp;WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NY Times Sept 29, 2017<\/a>]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em><strong>A Taxonomy of Trump Tweets<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Thanks to Prof. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/GeorgeLakoff\/status\/833498095153344512\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">George Lakoff<\/a> for posting this&#8230;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7948\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7948\" style=\"width: 591px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-7948 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/A-Taxonomy-of-Trump-Tweets-by-George-Lakoff.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"591\" height=\"637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/A-Taxonomy-of-Trump-Tweets-by-George-Lakoff.jpg 591w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/A-Taxonomy-of-Trump-Tweets-by-George-Lakoff-139x150.jpg 139w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/A-Taxonomy-of-Trump-Tweets-by-George-Lakoff-232x250.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 85vw, 591px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7948\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: @GeorgeLakoff &#8211; 19 Feb 2017<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The first three neatly fit with my observations above&#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diversion<\/strong> = Misdirection<\/li>\n<li><strong>Deflection<\/strong> = Misdirection (or Obfuscation)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Preemptive Framing<\/strong> = All Three!!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In another forum he observed&#8230;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;[Trump&#8217;s] tweets are tactical rather than substantive.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em><strong>Pervasive Obfuscation in Graphs<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>While writing up the Facebook stock tumble yesterday I was searching for a summary graphic with Google. Then I noticed something odd. Not one of the top hits had a zero-based y-axis!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/non-zero-based-graphs-on-google.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8030 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/non-zero-based-graphs-on-google-sm.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/non-zero-based-graphs-on-google-sm.png 600w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/non-zero-based-graphs-on-google-sm-150x82.png 150w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/non-zero-based-graphs-on-google-sm-400x219.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>I finally found one further down the page, but even that left the x-axis unlabeled so you can&#8217;t tell the time frame!<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8033\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8033\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/zero-based-graph-on-google.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8033 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/zero-based-graph-on-google.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/zero-based-graph-on-google.png 600w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/zero-based-graph-on-google-150x78.png 150w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/zero-based-graph-on-google-400x208.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8033\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Axios<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Showing only part of the graph is an age old technique to emphasize a change or otherwise obscure the meaning of the data in question.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><em><strong>Trump&#8217;s Law of Opposites<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PolitiFact\/status\/1024477408227983361\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8037\" src=\"http:\/\/richard.rathe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trumps-opposite-world.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trumps-opposite-world.png 600w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trumps-opposite-world-150x115.png 150w, https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/trumps-opposite-world-328x250.png 328w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 85vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Trump&#8217;s Law of Opposites: Take whatever Donald Trump or his proxies say, invert it, and you will be closer to the truth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most are familiar with the concept of&nbsp;FUD\u2014short for Fear, Uncertainty &amp; Doubt. It summarizes a strategy often used in marketing and political propaganda. Its effects are pernicious,&nbsp;divisive and lead to exploitation. Examples abound.&nbsp;Fear is a strong motivator!&nbsp;To resist&nbsp;FUD one must&nbsp;understand how it is practiced using the principles of&nbsp;Deception, Obfuscation and&nbsp;Misdirection. Deception is just a polite&nbsp;way &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/deception-obfuscation-misdirection\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Deception, Obfuscation &#038; Misdirection&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6583","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6583"}],"version-history":[{"count":77,"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9403,"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6583\/revisions\/9403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/redmangrove.org\/rathe.org\/richard\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}